1. Why did Hinderburg's advisers agree to the appointment of Hitler as chancellor in January 1933?
They were convinced by the 1932 elections and they thought that they could tame him by surrounding him with responsible conservative ministers. The advisers also hoped that Hitler's supporters would transform into the foundation of a restructured conservative government.
2. Why is the term "totalitarianism" used to describe Nazi Germany?
Totalitarianism is used to describe Nazi Germany because that's what Hitler set out for, he wanted a totalitarian dictatorship.
3. Why did the Enabling Law allow Hitler to overcome the constitutional restraints of the Weimar system?
`Because the law gave Hitler the legal means to overcome any restraints of the Weimar system.
4. What was the goal of Goebbels' Ministry of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda?
The goal of Goebbels' Ministry was to get his students to stand up for the Reich and its new authorities.
5. How did Hitler destroy potential sources of opposition?
6. Which laws served as the first steps in Hitler's plan to eliminate Germany's Jewish community?
The law for the Restoration of the Civil Service, Supplementary Decree on Citizenship
Wednesday, February 16, 2011
Wednesday, February 9, 2011
The Troubled Infancy of the Weimar Republic
1. Explain why several segments of German society never accepted the legitimacy of the Weimar system.
They never really accepted the legitimacy of the Weimar system mostly because of the Treaty of Versailles because the Germans were embarrased by the Treaty and thought it was harsh. So after signing the treaty, they identified the Weimar Republic with shame and weakness.
2. How did Hitler use anti-Semitism to further his political aspirations?
Anti-Semitism was at the heart of Hitler's philosophy and he believed that Germans were the "Master race" and that Jews were poisoning the blood and culture of the Germans.
3. How was the French occupation of the Ruhr tied to Germany's hyperinflation?
French occupation of the Ruhr was tied to Germany's hyperinflation because the German workers went on strike so the German government printed more money to support them.
4. Describe "Weimar culture" and explain why many Germans rejected its values.
The Weimar Culture was a movement that was the cutting edge of Western civilization and many Germans rejected its values because they felt like the new freedoms for women were a challenge to their trditional values.
5. How did the conflict between the Catholic Center Party and the SPD contribute to the political crisis of the Weimar Republic?
Their defined positions made political compromise difficult in the Weimar Republic.
6. How did the economic depression that began in 1929 create an opportunity for extremist political parties in Weimar Germany?
They never really accepted the legitimacy of the Weimar system mostly because of the Treaty of Versailles because the Germans were embarrased by the Treaty and thought it was harsh. So after signing the treaty, they identified the Weimar Republic with shame and weakness.
2. How did Hitler use anti-Semitism to further his political aspirations?
Anti-Semitism was at the heart of Hitler's philosophy and he believed that Germans were the "Master race" and that Jews were poisoning the blood and culture of the Germans.
3. How was the French occupation of the Ruhr tied to Germany's hyperinflation?
French occupation of the Ruhr was tied to Germany's hyperinflation because the German workers went on strike so the German government printed more money to support them.
4. Describe "Weimar culture" and explain why many Germans rejected its values.
The Weimar Culture was a movement that was the cutting edge of Western civilization and many Germans rejected its values because they felt like the new freedoms for women were a challenge to their trditional values.
5. How did the conflict between the Catholic Center Party and the SPD contribute to the political crisis of the Weimar Republic?
Their defined positions made political compromise difficult in the Weimar Republic.
6. How did the economic depression that began in 1929 create an opportunity for extremist political parties in Weimar Germany?
Saturday, February 5, 2011
Unrest and the Treaty of Versailles
1. Using the information from Chapter 4, what were the threats to the new Weimar Republic? How did the Free Corps assist the government
The threats to the new Weimar Republic were more violence, and the other threat came from the southern province of Bavaria where Kurt Eisner (their leader) was shot and the Communists took control causing a siege. The Free Corps assisted the government by doing their dirty work such as joining the soldiers and killing protesters or anyone else.
2. How did the Germans react to the Treaty of Versailles?
They did not like it at all and thought that the treaty wasn't fair and not what they expected and they felt betrayed. So the government protested and didn't sign the treaty.
3. Who were the "November Criminals"?
The November criminals were the German politicians who signed the armistice in November and they were called this because Germans said that they stabbed Germany in the back by making peace with the Allies.
4. Read chapter 5. Why didn't Field Marshal von Hindenburg and the other general fight instead of having the Weimar government sign the Treaty of Versailles?
He knew that there was no way out but to sign the treaty and that they would probably lose if they had fought the other general.
5. What were the major aspects of the Treaty that caused Germans to object so strongly to it?
The major aspects of the Treaty that caused Germans to object so strongly were land, arms, war guilt and reparations, Germany was not allowed to unite with Austria, and the allies had to occupy all their land west of the River Rhine for 15 years
The threats to the new Weimar Republic were more violence, and the other threat came from the southern province of Bavaria where Kurt Eisner (their leader) was shot and the Communists took control causing a siege. The Free Corps assisted the government by doing their dirty work such as joining the soldiers and killing protesters or anyone else.
2. How did the Germans react to the Treaty of Versailles?
They did not like it at all and thought that the treaty wasn't fair and not what they expected and they felt betrayed. So the government protested and didn't sign the treaty.
3. Who were the "November Criminals"?
The November criminals were the German politicians who signed the armistice in November and they were called this because Germans said that they stabbed Germany in the back by making peace with the Allies.
4. Read chapter 5. Why didn't Field Marshal von Hindenburg and the other general fight instead of having the Weimar government sign the Treaty of Versailles?
He knew that there was no way out but to sign the treaty and that they would probably lose if they had fought the other general.
5. What were the major aspects of the Treaty that caused Germans to object so strongly to it?
The major aspects of the Treaty that caused Germans to object so strongly were land, arms, war guilt and reparations, Germany was not allowed to unite with Austria, and the allies had to occupy all their land west of the River Rhine for 15 years
Wednesday, February 2, 2011
The German Revolution
1. Using the documents in Chapter 1 as evidence, list the ways in which conditions in Germany worsened during the war.
The war caused such bad conditions because it was starving the German civilians because the British ships were blockading Germany's ports, preventing the food ships, and the war caused nothing but protests from Germans because all they wanted was peace.
3. After reading Chapter 2, give two reasons why Kaiser Wilhelm abdicated on November 10, 1918.
Kaiser Wilhelm was abdicated because he refused to make any changes to their government to stop the war for peace and the army generals refused to support him and he couldn't control his country anymore.
4. Using the information you have read in this chapter, give evidence to support the statement that there was "revolution all over Germany."
The revolution first started off with the sailors and when 600 of them were arrested for starting a mutiny, the other sailors decided to have a meeting to protest against the arrests. The mutiny began to spread to the workers, soldiers, and ports and from the ports, mutiny spread inland into the cities and literally was all over Germany.
5. Study the information about the German Socialists in Chapter 2, page 5. What did the three Socialist groups have in common?
They all had the same aims which was to improve the workers' conditions and give democratic rights to all Germans, such as the right to vote.
6. In what ways were the Socialist groups different.
Their methods were different. The Socialist Democratic Party wanted to support the government and try to make reforms by acts of parliament. The Independent Socialists wanted to oppose the government and force it to make reforms by organizing strikes. And The Spartacists wanted to overthrow the government in a revolution.
7. After reading Chapter 3 make a time chart of the events of the German Revolution from Nov. 10, 1918 to Jan. 15, 1919. You should be able to find six events.
The Communists had their best chance of seizing power right when the sailors held Ebert prisoner because there was nothing he could do since there was so many of them and his troops were on the sailor's side as well.
- war and suffering
- demonstrations increased (which were against the law)
- lack of food
- Germans were sick of war
- men were dying out at war and the women weren't happy about it
- trench warfare meant living in muddy dugouts for weeks
The war caused such bad conditions because it was starving the German civilians because the British ships were blockading Germany's ports, preventing the food ships, and the war caused nothing but protests from Germans because all they wanted was peace.
3. After reading Chapter 2, give two reasons why Kaiser Wilhelm abdicated on November 10, 1918.
Kaiser Wilhelm was abdicated because he refused to make any changes to their government to stop the war for peace and the army generals refused to support him and he couldn't control his country anymore.
4. Using the information you have read in this chapter, give evidence to support the statement that there was "revolution all over Germany."
The revolution first started off with the sailors and when 600 of them were arrested for starting a mutiny, the other sailors decided to have a meeting to protest against the arrests. The mutiny began to spread to the workers, soldiers, and ports and from the ports, mutiny spread inland into the cities and literally was all over Germany.
5. Study the information about the German Socialists in Chapter 2, page 5. What did the three Socialist groups have in common?
They all had the same aims which was to improve the workers' conditions and give democratic rights to all Germans, such as the right to vote.
6. In what ways were the Socialist groups different.
Their methods were different. The Socialist Democratic Party wanted to support the government and try to make reforms by acts of parliament. The Independent Socialists wanted to oppose the government and force it to make reforms by organizing strikes. And The Spartacists wanted to overthrow the government in a revolution.
7. After reading Chapter 3 make a time chart of the events of the German Revolution from Nov. 10, 1918 to Jan. 15, 1919. You should be able to find six events.
- Nov 1o, 1918: Kaiser Wilhelm abdicated
- Socialists were split into groups, the Spartacists and the Social Democrats
- Both groups clashed and in December the Spartacists held a demonstration and 16 people were killed
- Dec. 23, 1918: a thousand sailors broke into the government headquarters and held Ebert prisoner at gunpoint, demanding more pay (many of his troops joined in)
- New Years Eve the Spartacists renamed themselves to the German Communist Party and worked for a communist revolution
- Jan. 6,1919: Spartacists began their revolution
- Jan. 10, 1919: 2,000 Free Corps (ex-soldiers who had recently come home from war) attacked the Spartacists in Berlin
- Jan. 15, 1919: Rosa Luxemburg (leader of the german communist party) and her leader Karl Liebknecht, were arrested and later murdered by the Free Corps. Dumped Rosa in the canal
The Communists had their best chance of seizing power right when the sailors held Ebert prisoner because there was nothing he could do since there was so many of them and his troops were on the sailor's side as well.
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